Structural, morphological, dielectric, electric and magnetic properties of Ba 1 - x Dy 2 x / 3 Ti 0.98 Mn 0.02 O 3 ceramics for multifunctional applications

Herein, the standard solid-state reaction process was employed to synthesize the polycrystalline Ba Dy Ti Mn O ( = 0.0000-0.0085) ceramics and each composition was sintered at 1200 °C for 3 h. The structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic properties were carried out by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), impedance analyzer, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) to investigate the influence of doping of (low concentration) and Mn in BaTiO simultaneously. The XRD study confirmed the formation of perovskite structure with tetragonal symmetry of the prepared solid solution. The magnitude of the porosity (P%) decreased from 13.22 to 9.49 with increasing content of and = 0.0080 sample showed the lowest value. The mean grain size was estimated in the micrometer range, with values ranging from 0.5713 to 0.1457 μm. The highest grain size determined for the = 0.0070 sample was 0.5713 μm. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm measurements were used to estimate the specific surface area; the result was 24.181 m /g for x = 0.007 composition. For the compound with x = 0.0070 the maximum recorded dielectric constant was found to be 6 × 10 at 10 Hz. A relatively lower dielectric loss (100) for the = 0.0075 sample at 10 Hz. The studied materials could be employed as an environmentally acceptable alternative to the hazardous lead (Pb)-based multiferroic substance.