Generation of the First Transgenic Line of the Iconic Coral Reef Fish Amphiprion ocellaris
The common clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris , is an iconic coral reef fish, ubiquitous in the marine aquarium hobby and useful for studying a variety of biological processes (e.g., mutual symbiosis, ultraviolet vision, and protandrous sex change). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 methods were developed for knoc...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2024-10, Vol.26 (5), p.1067-1078 |
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Zusammenfassung: | The common clownfish,
Amphiprion ocellaris
, is an iconic coral reef fish, ubiquitous in the marine aquarium hobby and useful for studying a variety of biological processes (e.g., mutual symbiosis, ultraviolet vision, and protandrous sex change). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 methods were developed for knocking out specific genes for mechanistic studies. Here, we expand the genetic toolkit for
A. ocellaris
by creating the first transgenic line using the
Tol2
transposon system. Fertilized eggs were co-injected with
Tol2
transposase mRNA and a plasmid encoding an elongation factor-1α (
Ef1α
): green fluorescent protein (
GFP
) cassette at various concentrations, needle tip dimensions, and timepoints post-fertilization. We compared various injection parameters and sterilization methods to maximize the survival of injected eggs. F0s (
n
= 10) that were genotyped GFP + were then raised to 6 months of age and crossed with wild-type (WT) females to confirm germline transmission. F1 offspring were also raised and crossed in the same manner. The highly efficient
Tol2
transposon system resulted in a 37% rate of transgenesis for surviving eggs amounting to a 2.7% yield of all injected eggs surviving and being GFP + (
n
= 160). Of these, 10 were raised to adulthood, 8 spawned, and 5/8 (62.5%) produced GFP + offspring. Further, two F1s crossed with WT females produced 54.2% and 44.6% GFP + offspring respectively, confirming the creation of a stable line. This is, to our knowledge, the first generation of a transgenic line in any coral reef fish. The ability to express transgenes of interest in the iconic anemonefish opens the door to a new era of exploration into their fascinating biology. |
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ISSN: | 1436-2228 1436-2236 1436-2236 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s10126-024-10357-1 |