Gender disparities in cardiothoracic surgery: a comparative study in India

Background This study aimed to examine the prevalence of gender bias in the field of cardiothoracic vascular surgery in India and compared women surgeons and trainees in India and abroad. Methods This was a comparative, cross-sectional analytical study using an online questionnaire. The survey included questions about demographics, career choice, training, academic and leadership opportunities, and the impact of choosing cardiothoracic-vascular surgery as a career on personal life. Results A total of 203 practicing surgeons and trainees participated in the study and included 121 (59.6%) men and 82 (40.3%) women. Out of the 82 women, 48 (58.5%) were from India, and 34 (41.5%) were from other countries. Satisfaction with the specialty was similar among men and women (105 (86.7%) vs. 68 (82.9%), p = 0.44 respectively). Majority ( n = 30, 62.5%) of the female surgeons in India reported being discriminated against, as well as receiving favored treatment 11 (22.9%). Compared to men, women surgeons in India were more frequently advised against pursuing a career in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery ( p