The effect of E‐cigarette indoor vaping restrictions on infant mortality

We estimate the effect of county‐level e‐cigarette indoor vaping restrictions (IVRs) on infant mortality using United States birth certificates from 2010 to 2015. We estimate difference‐in‐differences models and find that e‐cigarette IVRs increased infant mortality by 0.39 infants per 1000 live births (12.9%). These effects were disproportionately higher for infants born to younger mothers and in locations with higher baseline levels of prenatal smoking. Infant mortality increased by 34.1% between 100 days to 1 year after IVRs. Infant mortality due to infections and neoplasms were particularly elevated.