Liver Transplantation for Adenomatosis: A Single-Center Experience

•The criteria used to indicate transplantation for liver adenomatosis are still debatable.•Liver adenomatosis is a rare indication of liver transplantation.•Unresectable adenomas with high-risk or confirmed malignant transformation are the main indication for transplant.•Reasons for unresectability include underlying liver disease, multiple and large high-risk nodules, and recurrence after previous resection. Liver adenomatosis is characterized by multiple adenomas diffusely distributed throughout the liver parenchyma. Studies addressing liver transplantation for those cases are scarce, and the criteria used to indicate transplantation are still debatable. To report a single-center experience of liver transplantation for diffuse adenomatosis. Single-center retrospective study involving all adult patients who underwent liver transplantation due to adenomatosis from January/2010 to June/2023. A total of 13 patients were identified, corresponding to 0.89% of liver transplants performed during the study period. The mean age was 33 ± 6.55 years, and most of them were female (n = 9, 69.23%). There were 12 transplants with deceased donors and 1 with a right lobe from a living donor. The most frequent reason to preclude liver resection was multiple and large unresectable adenomas in patients without previous liver disease (n = 8, 61.58%), followed by underlying liver disease (Abernethy Malformation, n = 3, 23.07%) and recurrence after liver resection (n = 2, 15.38%). The indications for liver transplantation were high risk of malignant transformation (n = 7, 53.84%), increasing size and number of nodules (n = 3, 23.07%), confirmed malignant transformation (n = 2, 15.38%), and hemorrhage (n = 2, 15.38%). There was 1 perioperative death due to primary non-function. Another patient died during follow-up because of COVID-19. Liver adenomatosis is a rare indication for liver transplantation, with acceptable post-transplant outcomes. Unresectable adenomas with high-risk or confirmed malignant transformation are the main indications for transplant. Reasons for unresectability involve underlying liver disease, multiple and large high-risk nodules, and recurrence after previous resection.