Clinical Manifestations

The mild behavioral impairment checklist (MBI-C) designed to capture neuropsychiatric symptoms in the whole spectrum of elder with or without dementia, have been verified in mild behavioral impairment, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, but never used in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Fifty-two patients with bvFTD (mild, n = 30; moderate-severe, n = 22) and 82 community-dwelling elderly individuals (HCs) were enrolled. All subjects were assessed with a full neuropsychological scale including the MBI-C, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), and Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the MBI-C, NPI-Q, and FBI, and cutoff points were determined using the Youden index. The MBI-C and domain scores in all patients with bvFTD were significantly higher than those in HCs. The most common symptoms of bvFTD were apathy (82.7%) and impulse dyscontrol (80.8%). The MBI-C score was positively correlated with the NPI-Q, FBI, and Activities of Daily Living. For differentiating patients with both bvFTD and mild bvFTD from HCs, the optimal MBI-C cutoff point was 5/6 with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%, and its sensitivity was higher than that of the NPI-Q and FBI. The MBI-C is a sensitive tool for screening behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with bvFTD, even in the early stages of the disease.