Applications, challenges and prospects of superabsorbent polymers based on cellulose derived from lignocellulosic biomass

[Display omitted] •Classification, applications, and market of superabsorbent polymers.•180 billion tons of lignocellulosic biomass per year for biochemicals production.•Potential of lignocellulosic biomass as alternative source for bio-SAPs synthesis.•Various techniques to extract cellulose from lignocellulose by fractionation.•Modification and crosslinking methods to prepare cellulose-based SAPs. The synthetic superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) market is experiencing significant growth, with applications spanning agriculture, healthcare, and civil engineering, projected to increase from $9.0 billion USD in 2019 to $12.9 billion USD by 2024. Despite this positive trend, challenges such as fluctuating raw material costs and lower biodegradability of fossil fuel-based SAPs could impede further expansion. In contrast, cellulose and its derivatives present a sustainable alternative due to their renewable, biodegradable, and abundant characteristics. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), rich in cellulose and lignin, shows promise as a source for eco-friendly superabsorbent polymer (SAP) production. This review discusses the applications, challenges, and future prospects of SAPs derived from lignocellulosic resources, focusing on the cellulose extraction process through fractionation and various modification and crosslinking techniques. The review underscores the potential of cellulose-based SAPs to meet environmental and market needs, offering a viable path forward in the quest for more sustainable materials.