The global burden, trends and cross‐country inequalities of female breast and gynaecologic cancers: A population based study

Objective To analyse the global burden, trends and cross‐country inequalities of female breast and gynaecologic cancers (FeBGCs). Design Population‐Based Study. Setting Data sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Population Individuals diagnosed with FeBGCs. Methods Age‐standardised mortality rates (ASMRs), age‐standardised Disability‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) rates (ASDRs) and their 95% uncertainty interval (UI) described the burden. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and their confidence interval (CI) of age‐standardised rates (ASRs) illustrated trends. Social inequalities were quantified using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were the burden of FeBGCs and the trends in its inequalities over time. Results In 2019, the ASDRs per 100 000 females were as follows: breast cancer: 473.83 (95% UI: 437.30–510.51), cervical cancer: 210.64 (95% UI: 177.67–234.85), ovarian cancer: 124.68 (95% UI: 109.13–138.67) and uterine cancer: 210.64 (95% UI: 177.67–234.85). The trends per year from 1990 to 2019 were expressed as EAPCs of ASDRs and these: for Breast cancer: −0.51 (95% CI: −0.57 to −0.45); Cervical cancer: −0.95 (95% CI: −0.99 to −0.89); Ovarian cancer: −0.08 (95% CI: −0.12 to −0.04); and Uterine cancer: −0.84 (95% CI: −0.93 to −0.75). In the Social Inequalities Analysis (1990–2019) the SII changed from 689.26 to 607.08 for Breast, from −226.66 to −239.92 for cervical, from 222.45 to 228.83 for ovarian and from 74.61 to 103.58 for uterine cancer. The concentration index values ranged from 0.2 to 0.4. Conclusions The burden of FeBGCs worldwide showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. Countries or regions with higher Socio‐demographic Index (SDI) bear a higher DALYs burden of breast, ovarian and uterine cancers, while those with lower SDI bear a heavier burden of cervical cancer. These inequalities increased over time.