Growth kinetics and predictive factors in renal angiomyolipomas

Background Although renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are benign lesions, they can grow and cause serious complications. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors affecting the growth of renal AMLs. Method Patients followed up for AMLs between January 2014 and January 2024 were screened. By accepting 2.5 mm/year as the limit for a significant growth rate, the patients were divided into two groups: those with and without significant growth. Demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, and laboratory parameters, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase (De Ritis) ratio, were compared between the groups. Results The study included a total of 98 patients. Of the entire cohort, 78.6% were women. Significant growth was detected in nine (9.2%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that the baseline scan tumor size, PLR, and De Ritis ratio were significant independent predictors of significant AML growth ( p = 0.011, p = 0.017, and p = 0.030, respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off value of PLR in predicting significant growth was 131.85 (sensitivity: 77.8%, specificity: 73%, area under the curve [AUC] 0754), while the cut-off value of the De Ritis ratio was 1.33 (sensitivity: 66.7%, specificity: 95.8%, AUC 0.721). Conclusion Tumor size at the time of initial diagnosis, as well as PLR and De Ritis ratio, were found to be independent predictors of AML growth rate. The use of these factors in patient follow-up has the potential to assist clinicians in predicting tumor growth and related complications.