Oenothein B from Eugenia uniflora leaves exerts pro-angiogenic effects by increasing VEGF and TNF-α levels

[Display omitted] •Angiogenic activity of OeB was assessed in vivo by CAM assay.•Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were assessed in CAM assay.•OeB exhibits potent angiogenic activity in CAM.•OeB induces inflammatory cells, leading to increased VEGF and TNF-α levels. Oenothein B (OeB), a dimeric ellagitannin with a macrocyclic structure, is reported to have beneficial effects, including antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antimutagenic effects, on human health. Despite the remarkable properties of OeB, its role in neovascularization process has not yet been evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the angiogenic activity of OeB using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay at different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/μL), employing digital imaging and histological analysis. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms by which OeB influences angiogenesis, we assessed the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in CAM using immunohistochemical analysis. All concentrations of OeB significantly increased (p