The interaction between physical activity and ambient particulate matters on cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults

The interaction between physical activity (PA) and ambient particulate matters (PMs) on cognition is rarely investigated. Our study aimed to assess the interactions of PA and PMs on cognitive function in older adults. Our study comprised 3937 Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Cognition was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination. PA information was gathered using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The data of PMs were obtained from China High Air Pollutants (CHAP). Linear regressions model and interaction plots were applied to assess and visualize the interaction of PA and PMs on cognition, respectively. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) method was employed to visualize discernible thresholds for the interaction. PMs were negatively associated with MMSE scores (PM1: β = −0.40, 95 % CI: −0.58, −0.28; PM2.5: β = −0.46, 95 % CI: −0.64, −0.29; PM10: β = −0.44, 95 % CI: −0.61, −0.26), and PA was positively affiliated with MMSE scores (β = 0.18, 95 % CI: −0.01, 0.38). Interaction plots and BKMR demonstrated that adverse connotations of PMs with MMSE increased with the elevated PA levels, and the positive associations of PA with MMSE scores were attenuated by increased PMs (all Pinteraction