PdRuO2/PVP nanomaterial as a highly selective, stable, and applicable potentiometric sensor for the detection of Cr3

PdRuO 2 /PVP nanomaterial was synthesized using a straightforward method and characterized using advanced analytical methods such as TEM, XRD, XPS, elemental mapping and SEM. The synthesized PdRuO 2 /PVP nanomaterial was used as an ionophore in potentiometric sensor electrodes and successfully adapted to Cr 3+ ion detection in a large number of aqueous samples. Several experimental parameters of the PdRuO 2 /PVP sensor such as potentiometric behavior, selectivity, repeatability, response time, pH, titration, and recovery in real samples were investigated. Potentiometric behavioral characteristics were performed in the concentration range 1 × 10 −6 –1.0 × 10 −1 M. The repeated experiments performed six times showed that there was no deviation in the measurements. The limit of detection of the PdRuO 2 /PVP potentiometric sensor was very low with a value of 8.6 × 10 −8 M. The potentiometric measurements showed that the synthesized PdRuO 2 /PVP ionophore was highly effective in detecting Cr 3+ in a wide pH range of 2.0–8.0 and was found to have a shelf life of over 1 year. As a result, the synthesized PdRuO 2 /PVP electrode material was found to be highly selective, stable, and applicable for Cr 3+ detection. Graphical Abstract