Effectiveness of technology‐based psychosocial interventions for improving health‐related outcomes of family caregivers of stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Aim To synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of technology‐based psychosocial interventions in improving health‐related outcomes among family caregivers of stroke survivors. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis was reported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methods Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of psychosocial interventions delivered through information and communication technologies on self‐efficacy, caregiving competence, caregiver burden, perceived social support, anxiety, depression, health‐related quality of life and cost‐effectiveness were included. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and appraised the quality of the included studies. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and narrative synthesis were conducted. Data Sources Ten electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL, Embase, Institution of Electrical Engineers Xplore, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis) were searched up to February 2023. Results Nineteen studies involving 1717 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Technology‐based psychosocial interventions significantly improved self‐efficacy (SMD = .62), caregiving competence (SMD = .55), depression (SMD = −.25) and anxiety (SMD = −.35). However, perceived social support, caregiver burden, and health‐related quality of life did not show significant improvements. Subgroup analyses revealed that the interventions, lasting from 4 to 6 weeks and encompassing comprehensive contents, exhibited larger effect sizes. None of the studies measured cost‐effectiveness. Conclusion The technology‐based psychosocial interventions are effective in enhancing self‐efficacy and caregiving competence, as well as alleviating anxiety, and depression among family caregivers of stroke survivors. Future research should investigate interventions delivered through various digital platforms using well‐designed RCTs with in‐depth qualitative data collection and measurement of health and cost‐effectiveness outcomes. Impact Through psychosocial interventions, healthcare providers in clinical and community settings, particularly nurses, could incorporate technologies into current stroke care practices. Patient or Public Contribution It is not applicable as this is a systematic review. Registration The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023402871).