Recurrent tethered cord: outcome and follow-up of 20 de-thetering for symptomatic spina bifida: choort study

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tethered cord among patients in the postoperative period of open and occult spina bifida. To identify warning signs for its early diagnosis, as well as outcomes after the new surgical approach. Methods Retrospective study of patients followed at the Pediatric Neurosurgery Department of the Federal University of São Paulo with spinal dysraphism. Signs and symptoms indicating reoperation were collected, and postoperative results were classified as improved, unchanged, or worsened. Results 222 medical records of patients diagnosed with spinal dysraphism were evaluated. Symptomatic Tethered Cord Syndrome (STCS) was identified in 30 patients (13.51%), with clinical manifestations related to orthopedic deformities (66.7%), neurological deficits (56.7%), urological dysfunction (50%), and intestinal dysfunction (40%). 20 cases underwent surgery for tethered cord release. The mean age at the time of surgery was 7.7 ± 4.9 years, with 13 female patients (65%). In the postoperative evaluation, improvement in low back pain (90.9%), urological pattern, and urinary tract infection episodes (45.4%) were particularly noteworthy. 3 patients (33.3%) with constipation showed improvement, and one worsened (11.1%). Improvement in ambulation was seen in two cases (16.7%). Low back pain was the first symptom to improve after surgery, with an average time of 1.3 months, followed by changes in the urological pattern at 15.6 months. Improvement in constipation was observed in the first month in 2 cases (66.7%), positive changes in ambulation were observed around 7 months after surgery, and only one case showed improvement in clubfoot correction. Conclusions The prevalence of tethered cord recurrence after primary correction surgery for open or occult neural tube closure defects was similar to that found in the literature. The results were encouraging, with good postoperative evolution of patients, especially in the improvement of low back pain and urological symptoms.