Optical discrimination of pathological red blood cells

Fast diagnostic methods are crucial to reduce the burden on healthcare systems. Currently, detection of diabetes complications such as neuropathy requires time‐consuming approaches to observe the correlated red blood cells (RBCs) morphological changes. To tackle this issue, an optical analysis of RBCs in air was conducted in the 250–2500 nm range. The distinct oscillations present in the scattered and direct transmittance spectra have been analyzed with both Mie theory and anomalous diffraction approximation. The results provide information about the swelling at the ends of RBCs and directly relate the optical data to RBCs morphology and deformability. Both models agree on a reduction in the size and deformability of RBCs in diabetic patients, thus opening the way to diabetes diagnosis and disease progression assessment.