Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Longitudinal Analysis in the PROMISE Cohort

Although pre-clinical studies have shown a beneficial impact of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on adipose (AT) inflammation, the current literature from human studies is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal associations of circulating levels of n-3 PUFAs with biomarkers of AT inflammation. Longitudinal data from participants in the PROMISE cohort (n = 474) were used. AT inflammation was measured using circulating biomarkers at baseline and up to 2 follow-up visits. n-3 PUFAs were measured at baseline in four serum lipid fractions. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses evaluated longitudinal associations between n-3 PUFAs and AT inflammation, adjusting for covariates. Fully adjusted GEE models indicated that higher baseline proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in total serum were significantly inversely associated with longitudinal change in soluble CD163 (sCD163) (all p