Association between chronic intestinal failure etiology and eGFR trajectory in adults receiving home parenteral nutrition: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study

Background Patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) are at increased risk of developing renal impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and assess risk factors for renal impairment, including patients with all mechanisms of CIF. Methods This was a cohort study of patients initiated on HPN between March 1, 2015, and March 1, 2020, at a national UK IF Reference Centre. Patients were followed from their first discharge with HPN until HPN cessation or the end of follow‐up on December 31, 2021. Results There were 357 patients included in the analysis. Median follow‐up time was 4.7 years. At baseline, >40% of patients had renal impairment, with 15.4% fulfilling the criteria for CKD. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased significantly during the first year after initiation of HPN from 93.32 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 86.30 ml/min/1.73 m2 at the first year of follow‐up (P = 0.002), with sequential stabilization of renal function. Increased age at HPN initiation and renal impairment at baseline were associated with decreased eGFR. By the end of follow‐up, 6.7% patients developed renal calculi and 26.1% fulfilled the criteria for CKD. Conclusion This is the largest study of renal function in patients receiving long‐term HPN. After the first year following HPN initiation, the rate of decline in eGFR was similar to that expected in the general population. These findings should reassure patients and clinicians that close monitoring of renal function can lead to good outcomes.