Simultaneous Circular Dichroism and Wavefront Manipulation with Generalized Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Metasurfaces

Simultaneous circular dichroism and wavefront manipulation have gained considerable attention in various applications, such as chiroptical spectroscopy, chiral imaging, sorting and detection of enantiomers, and quantum optics, which can improve the miniaturization and integration of the optical system. Typically, structures with n-fold rotational symmetry (n ≥ 3) are used to improve circular dichroism, as they induce stronger interactions between the electric and magnetic fields. However, manipulating the wavefront with these structures remains challenging because they are commonly considered isotropic and lack a geometric phase response in linear optics. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to achieve simultaneous circular dichroism (with a maximum value of ∼0.62) and wavefront manipulation using a plasmonic metasurface made up of C3 Archimedes spiral nanostructures. The circular dichroism arises from the magnetic dipole–dipole resonance and strong interactions between adjacent meta-atoms. As a proof of concept, two metadevices are fabricated and characterized in the near-infrared regime. This configuration possesses the potential for future applications in photodetection, chiroptical spectroscopy, and the customization of linear and nonlinear optical responses.