The effect of different times of day for exercise on blood glucose fluctuations

This study aims to explore blood glucose variations before and after short-term intensive exercise in the morning or afternoon of a day and the trend of blood glucose fluctuations during exercise in patients with T2DM (type 2 diabetes, T2DM). Blood glucose variations of Fouty during morning exercise 8:00–12:00 hours and twenty during afternoon exercise 14:30–18:30 hours). Patients with T2DM discharged from the hospital were analyzed retrospectively, with the baseline data checked through the medical record system before intervention. We were asked to perform seven times of treadmill aerobic exercise, which lasted for 30 minutes with incremental intensity for each time, for two weeks under the supervision of the Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) and the heart rate armband. The exercise intensity has been adjusted by the clinicians and specialist nurses from the Department of Diabetes Mellitus according to the blood glucose levels and heart rate curves during exercise; data including the height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, in-exercise CGM-measured blood glucose value/min, and after-exercise fingertip blood glucose value of patients with T2DM were collected after the intensive exercise (2 weeks). SPSS 22.0 and GraphPad Prism 7 were adopted for statistical analysis using the T-test and ANOVA. No difference was observed in the baseline data between the morning and afternoon exercise groups before intervention; compared to the morning exercise group, the fasting C-peptide value (2.15±0.97 vs. 1.53±0.46) in the afternoon exercise group was higher than that in the morning exercise group, with a superior (p=0.029) effect after two weeks of intervention, exhibiting a significant difference in the results. According to the results of repeated variance ANOVA analysis, the time for the appearance of significant improvement in blood glucose in the afternoon exercise group was 5 minutes earlier (11th minute vs 1 minute)than that in the morning exercise group (15th minute vs 1 min); significant differences were observed in both time (p=0.048 vs p