Real‐world glycaemic outcomes of automated insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis

Aim To evaluate the real‐world effectiveness of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies published up until 2 March 2024. We included pragmatic randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and before–after studies that compared AID systems with conventional insulin therapy in real‐world settings and reported continuous glucose monitoring outcomes. Percent time in range (TIR; 3.9–10 mmol/L), time below range (TBR; 10 mmol/L), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level were extracted. Data were summarized as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 23 before–after studies (101 704 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. AID systems were associated with an increased percentage of TIR (11.61%, 10.47 to 12.76; p