Diabetes distress and depression are independently associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh

Background and Aims Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, common in type 2 diabetes (T2D), are typically bothersome, socially embarrassing, and impact negatively on quality of life. They may also contribute to diabetes distress (DD), but this has never been formally evaluated. We aimed to investigate the relationships between GI symptoms, DD and depressive symptoms in a large cohort of individuals with T2D in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods 1406 unselected T2D individuals (female 58.8%; mean age 51.0 ± 12.5 years) from four diabetes clinics in Bangladesh completed validated questionnaires evaluating GI symptoms (PAGI‐SYM), DD (DDS‐17) and depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9). Results 31.1% of participants reported GI symptoms (36.2% females, 23.7% males), while 51.1% had elevated DD and 37.8% depressive symptoms. GI symptoms exhibited independent relationships with both DD and depressive symptoms, and their likelihood was higher among those with DD (OR: 3.6 [2.2–5.6] and with depressive symptoms (OR: 5.9 [3.5–9.9]). Conclusions GI symptoms are independently associated with both DD and depressive symptoms in people with T2D in Bangladesh. We investigated the association between gastrointestinal symptoms, diabetes distress (DD) and depressive symptoms in a large cohort of Bangladeshis (n=1406, female 58.8%; mean age 51.0±12.5yrs. HbA1c 9.8±2.8%) attending diabetes clinics using validated questionnaires. Gastrointestinal symptoms are independently associated with both DD and depressive symptoms in people with T2D in Bangladesh.