Association Between Dietary Intake After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and Antioxidant/inflammatory Status: A 6-Month Pilot Prospective Cohort Study

Background/Aim Adipose tissue can increase levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, which explains the relationship between obesity and many chronic diseases. Weight loss, changes in adipose tissue metabolism, and dietary nutrient intake changes following bariatric surgery could affect a number of oxidative- and inflammation-related factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary intake and inflammatory/antioxidant markers in the 6 months following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Material and Methods This pilot prospective cohort study included 45 patients with severe obesity who underwent RYGB. The patients were assessed at three different time points: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-surgery. Throughout the study, dietary intake data, levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), NF-κB, and serum levels of certain micronutrients were measured three times. Dietary macro- and micronutrient intake data were obtained three times throughout the study using the 24-h food recall questionnaire. Results The analysis of dietary indices in the present study found a significant positive correlation between the dietary intake of zinc, copper, MUFA, and serum TAC levels. It also revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum levels of NF-κB with vitamin E and PUFA intake. Additionally, there was a significant positive association between the amount of dietary carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids intake and the levels of NF-κB. Furthermore, within 3 to 6 months after the surgery, patients experienced an increase in serum levels of TAC, ferritin, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and folate. However, there was a decrease in serum levels of NF-κB, zinc, and copper. Conclusions Weight loss and nutritional status may potentially impact oxidative stress and inflammation levels within 6 months following RYGB surgery. Further research is necessary to comprehensively investigate the different facets of this correlation and elucidate the precise underlying mechanism. Graphical Abstract