The Association Between Medicaid Expansion and Disparities in Vestibular Schwannoma Incidence

Objectives The effect of Medicaid expansion as a part of the Affordable Care Act on vestibular schwannoma (VS) incidence overall and in marginalized populations has not yet been elucidated. The goal of this study was to determine if Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in VS incidence overall, as well as in patients of non‐white race or in counties of low socioeconomic status (SES). Methods We performed a difference‐in‐difference (DiD) analysis from January 1st 2010–December 31st 2017 utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Our DiD method compared the change in VS rate between counties that did and did not expand Medicaid among patients of white and non‐white race, in low and high SES counties, before and after expansion. Results The study included 17,312 cases across 1020 counties. Medicaid expansion was associated with a 15% increase (incidence rate ratio 95% CI: [11%, 19]) in VS incidence. White populations saw a 10% increase (CI: [1.06, 1.19]), Black populations saw a 20% increase (CI: [1.10, 1.29]), and patients of other races saw a 44% increase in incidence associated with expansion (CI: [1.21, 1.70]). Low SES counties saw an increase in incidence 1.12 times higher than that of high SES counties (CI:[1.04, 1.20]). Conclusion Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in VS incidence across populations. Furthermore, this increase was more evident in disadvantaged populations, such as patients of non‐white race and those from low SES counties. These findings emphasize the impact of Medicaid expansion on healthcare utilization for VS diagnosis. Level of Evidence 3—Retrospective Cohort Study Laryngoscope, 134:4383–4388, 2024