Unraveling the Interplay: Soil Biogeochemical Factors Shaping the Efficacy of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation in Suppressing Fusarium Root Rot of Strawberry

Nontoxic alternatives to chemical soil fumigants for suppressing soilborne pathogens such as ( ), one causative agent of strawberry black root rot complex prevalent in the Southeastern United States, are urgently needed. A promising alternative is anaerobic soil disinfestation, in which soil is amended with labile organic materials, irrigated to field capacity, and tarped to induce anaerobic fermentation for a brief period before planting. Pathogen-suppression mechanisms of anaerobic soil disinfestation include anaerobic conditions and generation of reduced metal cations (Fe and Mn ) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs; e.g., acetic, -butyric, isovaleric, and others). However, little is known about how the interaction between VFAs, reduced metals, soil texture, and liming influences suppression of . We investigated suppression by VFAs and reduced metal cations in both aqueous and soil-based incubation trials. Inoculum containing chlamydospores was added to aqueous medium containing either 5 or 10 mmol/liter VFAs and either 0.01 or 0.05% (wt/wt) reduced metals. In soil-based incubations, chlamydospore-containing inoculum was applied to sandy, sandy loam, and silty clay soil saturated by solutions containing 10 or 20 mmol/liter VFAs with or without 0.05% (wt/wt) reduced metals. VFAs, particularly in combination with Fe in aqueous solutions and Mn in soils, significantly reduced viability. At the same time, liming and higher soil clay content reduced the effectiveness of VFAs and reduced metals for suppressing , highlighting the influence of soil pH and soil texture on anaerobic soil disinfestation effectiveness.