Emerging functions of the mitochondria–ER–lipid droplet three‐way junction in coordinating lipid transfer, metabolism, and storage in cells

Over the past two decades, we have witnessed a growing appreciation for the importance of membrane contact sites (CS) in facilitating direct communication between organelles. CS are tiny regions where the membranes of two organelles meet but do not fuse and allow the transfer of metabolites between organelles, playing crucial roles in the coordination of cellular metabolic activities. The significant advancements in imaging techniques and molecular and cell biology research have revealed that CS are more complex than what originally thought, and as they are extremely dynamic, they can remodel their shape, composition, and functions in accordance with metabolic and environmental changes and can occur between more than two organelles. Here, we describe how recent studies led to the identification of a three‐way mitochondria–ER–lipid droplet CS and discuss the emerging functions of these contacts in maintaining lipid storage, homeostasis, and balance. We also summarize the properties and functions of key protein components localized at the mitochondria–ER–lipid droplet interface, with a special focus on lipid transfer proteins. Understanding tripartite CS is essential for unraveling the complexities of inter‐organelle communication and cooperation within cells. Over the last 20 years, membrane contact sites have emerged as central mediators of inter‐organelle communication. These dynamic hubs adjust to metabolic fluctuations and connect multiple organelles, influencing cellular metabolism. Recent discoveries reveal the existence of a tripartite connection between mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets, which plays a critical role in coordinating lipid transport and storage within cells.