Radiosensitivity in a newborn with microcephalia: A case report of Nijmegen breakage syndrome

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive DNA repair disorder which is characterized by immunodeficiency and increased risk of lymphoproliferative malignancy. We observed an increase in the rate of chromosomal rearrangements in the cultured cells following an incidental radiograph for craniosynostosis in a newborn who was followed up due to microcephaly. We identified a homozygous deletion of c.657_661delACAAA/p.Lys219fs (rs587776650) in the NBN gene through whole exome sequencing. It is crucial to thoroughly examine the clinical features of newborns with microcephaly and consider chromosomal instability syndromes just like Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Not overlooking radiosensitivity, which is a characteristic feature of this syndrome, is a vital condition to the patient's survival time.