Vitamin B1-based thiazol-2-ylidene-Ru() complexes: recyclable transfer hydrogenation catalysts in water

The [( p -cymene)RuCl(κ 2 C,N-{C NHC -NH})] + X − (C NHC = thiazol-2-ylidene) complexes with a bidentate ligand ( 2 : X = Cl and 3 : X = PF 6 ) were prepared by a one-pot reaction of vitamin B1 (VB1, 1 ), Ag 2 O and [( p -cymene)RuCl 2 ] 2 . In the complexes, VB1 coordinates through C2 and the exocyclic N in the imino form with the κ2-(C,N) coordination mode. The complexes 2 and 3 are stable in the solid state, but slowly release p -cymene in solution. Furthermore, upon heating in polar solvents, 2 or 3 can be converted by ligand exchange reactions to produce [(L) 3 RuCl(κ 2 C,N-{C NHC -NH})] + PF 6 − ( 4 : L = py).Robustness was improved remarkably for 4 . The complex 4 is stable in the solid state and in solution. The complexes 2-4 have been identified by 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} 2D NMR spectroscopy and 2 and 4 were studied by X-ray crystallography. In an effort to develop a recyclable catalyst in water, 2-4 were evaluated for TH of ketones and aldehydes with an azeotropic mixture of HCOOH/Et 3 N in water. The complexes 3 and 4 exhibited very good catalytic activity and 4 could be reused nine times without significant loss of activity, giving a high turnover frequency (TOF 50% (h −1 ) = 1286). In order to develop recyclable catalyst in water, vitamin B1 based Ru( ii )-NHC complexes ( 2-4 ) were synthesized and evaluated for transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes with an azeotropic mixture of HCOOH/Et 3 N in water. The complex, 4 exhibited excellent catalytic activity and recyclability.