Artificial Intelligence-Based Non-invasive Differentiation of Distinct Histologic Subtypes of Renal Tumors With Multiphasic Multidetector Computed Tomography

With rising cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), precise identification of tumor subtypes is essential, particularly for detecting small, heterogenous lesions often overlooked in traditional histopathological examinations. This study demonstrates the non-invasive use of deep learning for Histopathological differentiation of renal tumors through quadriphasic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). This prospective longitudinal study includes 50 subjects (32 males, 18 females) with suspected renal tumors. A deep neural network (DNN) is developed to predict RCC subtypes using peak attenuation values measured in Hounsfield Units (HUs) obtained from quadriphasic MDCT scans. The network then generates confidence scores for each of the four primary subtypes of renal tumors, effectively distinguishing between benign oncocytoma and various malignant subtypes. Our neural network accurately distinguishes Renal tumor subtypes, including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, and benign oncocytoma, with a confidence score of 68% with the network's diagnosis aligning with Histopathological examinations. Our network was also able to accurately classify RCC subtypes on a synthetically generated dataset with 20,000 samples. We developed an artificial intelligence-based RCC subtype classification technique. Our approach is non-invasive and has the potential to transform the methodology in Renal oncology by providing accurate and timely diagnostic information and enhancing clinical decisions.