Barriers and facilitators in self‐care and management of chronic kidney disease in dialysis patients: A systematic review of qualitative studies

Aim To identify and synthesise qualitative studies on barriers and facilitators perceived by dialysis patients in relation to self‐care and disease management. Design Systematic review of qualitative studies. Data Sources Qualitative study articles were extracted from PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, WEB OF SCIENCE (WOS), CINAHL PsycINFO and EMBASE and electronic journals of the Spanish Society of Nephrology and Spanish Society of Nephrological Nursing until May 2022. Studies on barriers and/or facilitators affecting self‐care and disease management expressed by people undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were included. Review Methods The SPICE (Setting, Perspective, Intervention, Comparison and Evaluation) strategy was used to develop issues and subissues through the thematic synthesis of the qualitative findings. GRADE‐CERQual was used to evaluate the articles. Results From 172 articles, 15 qualitative articles about barriers and facilitators perceived by patients concerning self‐care and disease management were finally included. Identified eight facilitators and four barriers. Conclusion Patients perceived a significant number of barriers and facilitators. It is possible to identify which aspects facilitate self‐management of their disease and to understand that the processes are individualised. This is why therapeutic strategies should be designed to foster the participation and empowerment of the person in the management of the disease. Implications for the profession and/or patient care Identifying the barriers and facilitators concerning the management of chronic kidney disease furnishes us with knowledge for individualised clinical practice and improved care processes. Impact This review is the first to synthesise barriers and facilitators in haemodialysis patients about the management of their disease and treatment. The results enable the proposal of improvements in the training of healthcare personnel, clinical practice guidelines and action protocols to improve the daily life and management of the disease by patients. No patient or public contribution due to this is a systematic review.