The effect of virtual reality and music on anxiety, non-stress test parameters, and satisfaction of high-risk pregnant women undergoing non-stress tests: Randomized controlled trial

•Prenatal testing induces elevated anxiety levels among high-risk pregnant women.•The utilization of virtual reality and music during non-stress tests alleviates anxiety and enhances satisfaction among high-risk pregnant women undergoing the procedure.•Virtual reality intervention resulted in a reduction in the duration of reactive non-stress tests. Prenatal tests cause high-risk pregnant women to experience high anxiety levels. This paper investigated the effect of Virtual Reality (VR) and music on anxiety, non-stress test parameters, and satisfaction of high-risk pregnant women undergoing non-stress tests (NSTs). This was a randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of 102 participants randomized into three groups (VR = 34, music = 34, and control = 34). Maternal anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S (STAI-S) before and after NSTs. Satisfaction was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after NSTs. NST parameters were evaluated after NSTs. The findings were reported based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The VR and music groups had significantly lower mean posttest STAI-S scores than the control group (p .05). The VR group had a significantly shorter reactive NST duration than the control group (p