Determination of policyclic aromatic compounds, (PAH, nitro-PAH and oxy-PAH) in soot collected from a diesel engine operating with different fuels

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs and NPAHs)) present in the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of different soot samples has been carried out to determi...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Science of the total environment 2023-11, Vol.900, p.165755-165755, Article 165755
Hauptverfasser: Lara, S., Villanueva, F., Cabañas, B., Sagrario, S., Aranda, I., Soriano, J.A., Martin, P.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:A qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs and NPAHs)) present in the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of different soot samples has been carried out to determine the effect of soot-generation conditions on their composition and health effects. The soot samples were generated using a diesel engine bench powered by diesel (DS) and biodiesel (BS) fuels under different combustion conditions. To optimize the procedure, a surrogate soot (Printex-U) and a certified reference material (SRM1650b) were also tested. Different extraction methods were used to extract the PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs, and the Soxhlet technique using pyridine:acetic acid 1 % was found to be the most suitable procedure to extract the highest concentration (ng mg−1) and more types of PAHs and OPAHs from the soot. The results show that the PACs identified, and their concentrations, depend on the formation and collection conditions. The predominant compounds in all soot samples studied were fluorene (Flo), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla), pyrene (Pyr), 9-fluorenone (9Flo) and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10Anq). As such, the presence of these PACs in the atmosphere of urban and rural areas can mainly be attributed to the emissions from diesel vehicles. The percentage of OPAHs with respect to total PACs was highest in the soot generated from a biofuel. These oxidized compounds favor regeneration of the diesel particulate filter (DPF). The results also indicate that the carcinogenicity of the soot depends on the combustion conditions and type of fuel. [Display omitted] •Diesel engine soot collected from homemade trap particles at 350 °C are analyzed.•Soxhlet technique and pyridine:acetic acid 1 % is the best procedure to extract PACs.•The Soluble Organic Fraction identified in the different soot contains different PACs.•The concentration of PACs depends on the collecting conditions that is a key stage.•The carcinogenicity of soot depends on the combustion conditions and the type of fuel.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165755