Split Proteins and Reassembly Modules for Biological Applications

Split systems, modular entities enabling controlled biological processes, have become instrumental in biological research. This review highlights their utility across applications like gene regulation, protein interaction identification, and biosensor development. Covering significant progress over the last decade, it revisits traditional split proteins such as GFP, luciferase, and inteins, and explores advancements in technologies like Cas proteins and base editors. We also examine reassembly modules and their applications in diverse fields, from gene regulation to therapeutic innovation. This review offers a comprehensive perspective on the recent evolution of split systems in biological research. This review navigates the advances in conditional reassembly within split protein systems, linking novel reassembly techniques to a spectrum of applications from biosensing to therapeutic interventions and synthetic biology. Highlights include chemically induced assemblies, light‐triggered activations, and their pivotal roles in drug screening and genome editing.