3D multi-robot olfaction in naturally ventilated indoor environments: Locating a time-varying source at unknown heights

Source localization is significant for mitigating indoor air pollution and safeguarding the well-being and safety of occupants. While most study focuses on mechanical ventilation and static sources, this study explores the less-explored domain of locating time-varying sources in naturally ventilated spaces. We have developed an innovative 3D localization system that adjusts to varying heights, significantly enhancing capabilities beyond traditional fixed-height 2D systems. To ensure consistency in experimental conditions, we conducted comparative analyses of 2D and 3D methods, using a swinging fan to simulate natural ventilation. Our findings reveal a substantial disparity in performance: the 2D method had a success rate below 46.7% in cases of height mismatches, while our 3D methods consistently achieved success rates above 66.7%, demonstrating their superior effectiveness in complex environments. Furthermore, we validated the 3D strategies in real naturally ventilated settings, confirming their wider applicability. This research extends the scope of indoor source localization and offers valuable insights and strategies for more effective pollution control. [Display omitted] •3D multi-robot olfaction methods for indoor pollutant source localization.•Challenging scenarios due to time-varying sources and natural ventilation.•Totally 165 source localization experiments compared various 2D and 3D methods.•3D methods can locate unknown-height sources that 2D methods cannot.