Technology-supported shared decision-making in chronic conditions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

To describe the role of patients with a chronic disease, healthcare professionals (HCPs) and technology in shared decision making (SDM) and the use of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), and to evaluate the effectiveness of SDM and CDSSs interventions. Randomized controlled studies published between 2011 and 2021 were identified and screened independently by two reviewers, followed by data extraction and analysis. SDM elements and interactive styles were identified to shape the roles of patients, HCPs and technology. Forty-three articles were identified and reported on 21 SDM-studies, 15 CDSS-studies, 2 studies containing both an SDM-tool and a CDSS, and 5 studies with other decision support components. SDM elements were mostly identified in SDM-tools and interactions styles were least common in the other decision support components. Patients within the included RCTs mainly received information from SDM-tools and occasionally CDSSs when it concerns treatment strategies. HCPs provide and clarify information using SDM-tools and CDSSs. Technology provides interactions, which can support more active SDM. SDM-tools mostly showed evidence for positive effects on SDM outcomes, while CDSSs mostly demonstrated positive effects on clinical outcomes. Technology-supported SDM has potential to optimize SDM when patients, HCPs and technology collaborate well together. •Patients mainly receive information from SDM-tools and occasionally CDSSs.•HCPs mostly provide and clarify information using SDM-tools and CDSSs.•Technology provides the patient and HCP with primary interactions.•SDM-tools mostly showed evidence for positive effects on SDM outcomes.•If patients, HCPs and technology collaborate well together, SDM can be optimized.