Automated high-throughput immunomagnetic separation-PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine milk

Two monoclonal antibody-mediated immunomagnetic separation PCR kits (AnDiaTec ParaTub-S® IMS-PCR-ELISA and ParaTub-SL® IMS-real time PCR) were developed and evaluated for the automated high-throughput detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ( M. paratuberculosis) in bulk milk of naturally infected dairy herds and made commercially available. M. paratuberculosis are first isolated from milk by high-throughput immunomagnetic bead separation using a completely automated magnetic particle pipetting robot within 45 min and released subsequently for analysis directly into PCR amplification mixtures for real time PCR or for PCR-ELISA. The threshold detection level and specificity of the tests were evaluated first with different M. paratuberculosis pure cultures and artificially contaminated (spiked) bulk milk samples. Both experiments proved a good detection limit, specificity and reliability of the tests that consistently detected 20 or less M. paratuberculosis organisms from cattle, deer and mufflon in 1 ml milk. Experiments with more than 200 bulk milk samples that were tested in parallel with the PCR methods and with the cultural method in a second evaluation study demonstrated that both PCR tests are superior to culture and sufficiently sensitive to detect single shedders in pooled milk samples. The experiments proved that the newly developed tests are sensitive, specific and fast, and thus for the first time allow the standardized large-scale routine M. paratuberculosis screening of bulk milk samples at acceptable costs.