The current state of the oceans

The open oceans are in good condition. They receive contaminant inputs mainly from the atmosphere and from shipping, and effects on the biota are minimal. In contrast, coastal zones around the world are significantly at risk from human activities. In addition to domestic and industrial inputs, both directly and via rivers, the margins of the seas are at risk from developments along the coast which destroy natural habitats, and from activities in the hinterland including dam building and land-use practices, which have major consequences in shallow waters. Recent assessments suggest that at the present time public health risks from sewage, eutrophication from excessive nutrients, and the toxic effects of persistent organic compounds are the topics of major concern.