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In the world of pneumatics, a major influence on the speed of a machine is the flow rate achieved by the directional control valve. The directional control valve acts like an on/off switch that supplies the compressed air to the point-of-use devices, such as a cylinder, gripper, or vacuum generator. The valve can either be on or off, with air flowing through the valve to either extend or retract a cylinder. Valves come in varying sizes, and flow rate is often used to reference the valve and put it into some sort of perspective. Flow rate is typically measured in units of ft3/min (cfm) or 1pm. More commonly, the flow rate of a valve is described by a dimensionless value known as Cv, the flow coefficient.