Needs and feasibility of living systematic reviews (LSRs): Experience from LSRs on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness

During 2021 and 2023, a team of researchers at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and partnering institutions conducted two living systematic reviews (LSRs) on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in different age groups to inform recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination in Germany (Ständige Impfkommission, STIKO). Based on our experience from the realization of these LSRs, we developed certain criteria to assess the needs and feasibility of conducting LSRs. Combining these with previously established criteria, we developed the following set to inform future planning of LSRs for STIKO: Needs criterion (N)1: Relevance of the research question, N2: Certainty of evidence (CoE) at baseline; N3: Expected need for Population-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome (PICO) adaptations; N4: Expected new evidence over time; N5: Expected impact of new evidence on CoE; Feasibility criterion (F)1: Availability of sufficient human resources; F2: Feasibility of timely dissemination of the results to inform decision-making. For each criterion we suggest rating options which may support the decision to conduct an LSR or other forms of evidence synthesis when following the provided flowchart. The suggested criteria were developed on the basis of the experiences from exemplary reviews in a specific research field (i.e., COVID-19 vaccination), and did not follow a formal development or validation process. However, these criteria might also be useful to assess whether questions from other research fields can and should be answered using the LSR approach, or assist in determining whether the use of an LSR is sensible and feasible for specific questions in health policy and practice. Zwischen 2021 und 2023 führte ein Team von Wissenschaftler*innen des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI) und von Partnerinstitutionen zwei Living Systematic Reviews (LSRs) zur Wirksamkeit von COVID-19-Impfstoffen in verschiedenen Altersgruppen durch, welche die Evidenzbasis für die Impfempfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) in Deutschland bildeten. Auf der Grundlage unserer Erfahrungen bei der Durchführung dieser LSRs haben wir bestimmte Kriterien entwickelt, um die Notwendigkeit und die Durchführbarkeit von LSRs zu bewerten. In Kombination mit bereits etablierten Kriterien haben wir den folgenden Kriterienkatalog entwickelt, um die zukünftige Planung von LSRs für die STIKO zu unterstützen: Kriterium zur Notwendigkeit (N)1: Relevanz der Forschungsfrage; N2: Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Evidenz