Evaluation of traditional targeted axillary dissection eligibility criteria for node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a prospective multicenter registry

Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is performed after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) to decrease the rate of non-therapeutic axillary dissection (ALND) for patients with node-positive breast cancer. In order to ensure the oncologic safety of TAD, eligibility criteria resulting in a low false negative rate (FNR) have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the traditional criteria. Data was collected from a prospective multicenter registry. In order to ascertain FNRs, pathologic findings in the sentinel lymph nodes (LN)s, malignant clipped LN, and axillary contents were determined. The FNRs within TAD eligibility criterion groups were compared. A total of 110 patients underwent TAD and ALND, and were therefore eligible for analysis. TAD retained a low FNR in advanced clinical T-N stage compared with earlier disease (T stage: 95% CI 0.00–11.93, p = 0.42; N stage: 95% CI 0.00–8.76, p = 0.31). Presentation with ≥4 abnormal LNs on axillary ultrasound did not predict a high TAD FNR (95% CI 0.00–5.37, p = 0.16). No significant differences were noted in TAD FNR when single was compared with dual tracer (blue dye vs dual tracer 95% CI 0.72–52.49, p = 0.13; radiotracer vs dual tracer 0.04–20.11, p = 0.51). Excision of the clipped LN and only one SLN was as accurate as excision of the clipped LN and ≥2 SLNs (95% CI 0.00–10.61, p = 0.38). TAD retained a low FNR among patients traditionally considered ineligible for this technique. However, excision of the clipped LN and at least one SLN remained essential to a low FNR.