Inflammatory sensory neuronopathies

•A heterogeneous group of disorders targeting peripheral sensory neurons.•Antibody (AB) biomarkers are needed for their identification.•Anti-Hu, anti-FGFR3 and anti-AGO AB are or may be such biomarkers.•A short therapeutic window before definitive neuron degeneration.•Therapeutic trials are needed to select the best treatment. Inflammatory sensory neuronopathies are rare disorders mediated by dysimmune mechanisms targeting sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. They constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders with acute, subacute, or chronic courses, and occur with cancer, systemic autoimmune diseases, notably Sjögren syndrome, and viral infections but a noticeable proportion of them remains isolated. Identifying inflammatory sensory neuronopathies is crucial because they have the potential to be stabilized or even to improve with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressant treatments provided that the treatment is applied at an early stage of the disease, before a definitive degeneration of neurons. Biomarkers, and notably antibodies, are crucial for this early identification, which is the first step to develop therapeutic trials.