Test–Retest Repeatability of Patlak Slopes versus Standardized Uptake Values for Hypermetabolic Lesions and Normal Organs in an Oncologic PET/CT Population

Purpose We aimed to determine the test–retest repeatability of quantitative metrics based on the Patlak slope (PS) versus the standardized uptake value (SUV) among lesions and normal organs on oncologic [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT. Procedures This prospective, single-center study enrolled adults undergoing standard-of-care oncologic [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CTs. Early (35–50 min post-injection) and late (75–90 min post-injection) SUV and PS images were reconstructed from dynamic whole-body PET data. Repeat imaging occurred within 7 days. Relevant quantitative metrics were extracted from lesions and normal organs. Repeatability was assessed via mean test–retest percent changes [T-RT %Δ], within-subject coefficients of variation (wCVs), and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results Nine subjects (mean age, 61.7 ± 6.2 years; 6 females) completed the test–retest protocol. Four subjects collectively had 17 [ 18 F]FDG-avid lesions. Lesion wCVs were higher (i.e., worse repeatability) for PS-early-max (16.2%) and PS-early-peak (15.6%) than for SUV-early-max (8.9%) and SUV-early-peak (8.1%), with similar early metric ICCs (0.95–0.98). Lesion wCVs were similar for PS-late-max (8.5%) and PS-late-peak (6.4%) relative to SUV-late-max (9.7%) and SUV-late-peak (7.2%), with similar late metric ICCs (0.93–0.98). There was a significant bias toward higher retest SUV and PS values in the lesion analysis (T-RT %Δ [95% CI]: SUV-late-max, 10.0% [2.6%, 17.0%]; PS-late-max, 20.4% [14.3%, 26.4%]) but not in the normal organ analysis. Conclusions Among [ 18 F]FDG-avid lesions, the repeatability of PS-based metrics is similar to equivalent SUV-based metrics at late post-injection time points, indicating that PS-based metrics may be suitable for tracking response to oncologic therapies. However, further validation is required in light of our study’s limitations, including small sample size and bias toward higher retest values for some metrics.