Optimizing soil tetrabromobisphenol A remediation through iron-based activation of persulfate: A comparative analysis of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) that widely exists in soil and poses a potential threat to ecological environment urgently needs economically efficient remediation techniques. This study utilized both homogeneous Fe2⁺ solution and heterogeneous iron-based nanomaterials (chemically synthesized nano zer...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental management 2024-03, Vol.354, p.120302-120302, Article 120302 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) that widely exists in soil and poses a potential threat to ecological environment urgently needs economically efficient remediation techniques. This study utilized both homogeneous Fe2⁺ solution and heterogeneous iron-based nanomaterials (chemically synthesized nano zero-valence iron (nZVI) and green-synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-Fe NPs)) to activate persulfate (PS) and assess their efficacy in degrading TBBPA in soil. The results demonstrate the superior performance of heterogeneous catalytic systems (WG-Fe NPs/PS (82.07%) and WnZVI/PS (78.32%)) over homogeneous catalytic system (WFe2+/PS (71.69%)), In addition, G-Fe NPs and nZVI effectively controlled the slow release of Fe2+. The optimization analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) reveal the remarkable significance of the experimental model based on the box-behnken design. RSM show that G-Fe NPs/PS exhibited optimal process parameters and predicted the maximum soil TBBPA degradation efficiency reaching 98.77%. The results of density functional theory calculations suggest that C–Br are the primary targets for electrophilic substitution reactions. Based on the f0 value and △G, the degradation pathway of TBBPA is inferred to involve a sequential debromination process, followed by the cleavage of intermediate carbon-carbon bonds and subsequent oxidation reactions. Hence, G-Fe NPs/PS not only facilitate waste resource utilization but also hold significant application potential.
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•Heterogeneous catalytic systems have exhibited superior performance.•G-Fe NPs and nZVI effectively controlled the slow release of Fe2+.•• G-Fe NPs/PS demonstrates optimal process parameters and the best degradation efficacy.•The DFT calculations and GC-MS analysis determined the degradation pathway of TBBPA. |
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ISSN: | 0301-4797 1095-8630 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120302 |