Resveratrol prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampal inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation

•RSV improves cognitive impairments in an LPS-induced neuroinflammation model.•RSV reduces microglia and astrocyte density in LPS-induced neuroinflammation model.•RSV enhances hippocampal neuronal survival in an LPS-induced neuroinflammation model. Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with chronic neuroinflammation, which contributes to their pathogenesis and progression. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic compound with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated whether RSV could protect against cognitive impairment and inflammatory response in a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice received oral RSV (30 mg/kg) or vehicle for two weeks, and injected with LPS (0.75 mg/kg) or saline daily for the last seven days. After two weeks, mice were subjected to behavioral assessments using the Morris water maze and Y-maze. Moreover, mRNA expression of several inflammatory markers, neuronal loss, and glial density were evaluated in the hippocampus of treated mice. Our findings showed that RSV treatment effectively improved spatial and working memory impairments induced by LPS. In addition, RSV significantly reduced hippocampal glial densities and neuronal loss in LPS-injected mice. Moreover, RSV treatment suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and GFAP in the hippocampus of treated mice. Taken together, our results highlight the detrimental effect of systemic inflammation on the hippocampus and the potential of natural products with anti-inflammatory effects to counteract this impact. [Display omitted]