Smartphone-assisted hydrogel platform based on BSA-CeO2 nanoclusters for dual-mode determination of acetylcholinesterase and organophosphorus pesticides

A dual-mode sensor was developed for detecting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) via bifunctional BSA-CeO 2 nanoclusters (NCs) with oxidase-mimetic activity and fluorescence property. The dual-mode sensor has the characteristics of self-calibration and self-verification, meeting the needs of different detection conditions and provide more accurate results. The colorimetric sensor and fluorescence sensor have been successfully used for detecting AChE with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.081 mU/mL and 0.056 mU/mL, respectively, while the LOD for OPs were 0.9 ng/mL and 0.78 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery of AChE was 93.9–107.2% and of OPs was 95.8–105.0% in actual samples. A novel strategy was developed to monitor pesticide residues and detect AChE level, which will motivate future work to explore the potential applications of multifunctional nanozymes. Graphical abstract