Ultrasound contrast‐enhanced diagnosis of testicular Leydig cell tumor: A case report and literature review

Leydig cell tumor (LCT) is a rare testicular tumor. We report a case of an elderly male patient who discovered a left testicular mass during a regular health examination four years ago. The patient did not experience any significant discomfort and opted for regular follow‐up visits. During the most recent visit, we performed routine ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations. By observing the lesion's location, echogenicity, margins, vascular distribution, as well as the rapid enhancement and slow washout characteristics on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, we arrived at a diagnosis of LCT. Subsequently, the patient underwent left inguinal orchiectomy. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of LCT. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review of LCT‐related literature from PubMed and SCOPUS, summarizing the clinical features, follow‐up duration, prognosis, and ultrasound characteristics associated with LCT. This article describes a rare case of testicular Leydig cell tumor and provides an analysis of the case using roution ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound. Relevant literature from recent years was also reviewed to summarize the typical ultrasound features, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of testicular Leydig cell tumors.