Intramolecular Heteroatom and Styryl Diels–Alder Reactions, Asymmetric Cycloadditions of Chiral 3‑Phenylallyl Maleic Esters

Polycyclic aryl naphthalene and tetralin dihydro arylnaphthalene lactone lignans possess anticancer and antibiotic activity. Related furo­[3,4-c]­pyranones, typified by the sequester-terpenoid isobolivianine, show similar antiproliferative bioactivity. Efficient syntheses of compounds featuring these polycyclic cores have proven challenging due to low yields and poor stereoselectivity. We report the synthesis of chiral cinnamyl but-2-enanoates and 3,3-diphenylallyl-but-2-enoates 1 as new Diels–Alder substrates. These compounds undergo [4 + 2]-cycloadditions to give furo­[3,4-c]­pyranones 2 in good yield (70%) and diastereoselectivity (7:1), together with naphthyl 3 and dihydronaphthyl tetralins 4 as minor products. Molecular structures and stereochemistries of the major products were verified using X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the cycloaddition process involves a bispericyclic/ambimodal process where there is a single transition state that leads to both intramolecular styryl Diels–Alder (ISDA) 3, 4 and intramolecular hetero Diels–Alder (IHDA) cycloadducts 2. With the elevated temperature conditions after cycloaddition, the resulting ISDA cycloadduct either undergoes [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to the more stable major IHDA product or aromatization leading to the phenyltetralin.