Correlation of Preoperative Radiological Factors with Histological Involvement of Thyroid Gland in Laryngeal Carcinomas

Total laryngectomy is the primary treatment for locally advanced laryngeal carcinomas. However, routine thyroid removal (total or hemithyroidectomy) during this procedure is controversial, as the incidence of thyroid gland involvement varies and may lead to lifelong thyroid supplementation, increasing postoperative morbidity. The lack of a consensus on managing the thyroid gland in laryngeal carcinoma cases necessitates improved evaluation techniques, with radiology playing a crucial role in this aspect. Understanding the correlation between radiological factors and histopathological involvement of the thyroid gland can aid in formulating appropriate management strategies during total laryngectomy. To study the correlation of preoperative radiological factors with histopathological involvement of thyroid gland in laryngeal carcinomas. This was a retrospective study which included 57 patients who underwent total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of larynx. The pre-operative CT findings such as involvement of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, paraglottic space, anterior commissure, subglottis and thyroid gland along with transglottic extension of tumor were correlated with post-operative histopathological thyroid gland involvement. Cricoid cartilage erosion and thyroid gland involvement in CT scans individually exhibited positive likelihood ratios of 2.58 and 3.23, respectively, demonstrating a reasonable agreement with histopathological findings. The specificity of cricoid cartilage and thyroid gland involvement was also higher with values of 76.4% and 81%, respectively. Moreover, combining thyroid and cricoid cartilage erosion in CT scans as a predictive parameter for thyroid gland involvement resulted in a better likelihood ratio of 8.23 and a fair agreement with histopathological findings. We conclude that cricoid cartilage erosion and thyroid gland involvement in pre-operative CECT can be taken as a preoperative indicator for intraoperative decision on thyroidectomy.