Impact of geothermal well testing on exposed vegetation in the Northern Negros Geothermal Project, Philippines

The impact of geothermal fluid discharges during the testing of Pataan 5-D well was evaluated on seedlings of mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla King) at various distances from the well and on natural forest vegetation around the wellpad. The parameters measured were: (1) geothermal brine spray concentration; (2) plant concentration of geothermal signature ions (B, Cl, Li and Na); (3) symptoms of plant damage; and (4) plant recovery. Meteorological parameters were also gathered. Adverse effects on the test plants were observed at distances of 5–50 m from the well silencer for over-spray during the horizontal discharge and at 50–350 m from the wellhead during the vertical discharge. Salinity was identified as a significant cause of plant damage. Observed symptoms of damage included drying of leaf tissues expressed as necrotic areas, which occurred first at the tip of older leaves and progressed along the margins as severity increased, resulting in abnormal defoliation. Recovery of seedlings and natural vegetation from sprays was observed in both vertical and horizontal discharges.