Comprehensive analysis of the maxillary esthetic zone for immediate implant placement using cone beam computed tomography: A study of 352 maxillary images

Previous studies have examined the maxillary esthetic zone for immediate implant placement, but these studies had small sample sizes and did not investigate multiple parameters. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the sagittal root position (SRP), alveolar bone concavity, labial bone perforation (LBP), and tooth-ridge angle in the maxillary anterior teeth region. A total of 352 CBCT images of patients (180 men and 172 women) who visited the dental hospital between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed. The sample included 2112 anterior maxillary teeth. SRP, alveolar bone concavity, tooth ridge angle, and LBP were assessed using virtual implant simulation. The data were analyzed by using Chi-squared and Kappa tests to analyze distributions and agreement, respectively, dependent and independent t-tests to assess sex and tooth-specific differences, and the Spearman correlation test to explore potential correlations (α