Associations of chronotype with anxiety, depression and insomnia among general adult population: A cross-sectional study in Hubei, China

The relationship between chronotype and anxiety, depression, and insomnia was inconsistent. We aimed to assess the association between chronotype and mental health and the potential moderating effect of age and socioeconomic status (SES). A multi-stage sampling cross-sectional study with 12,544 adults was conducted. Chronotype, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were investigated by 5-item Morning and Evening, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-item Patient Health, and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index Questionnaires. Logistic regression was conducted. The predominant chronotype was morning chronotype (69.2 %), followed by 27.6 % intermediate and 3.2 % evening chronotype. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia was 0.7 %, 1.9 %, and 9.6 %, respectively. Compared with intermediate chronotype, morning chronotype participants had a lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.28,95%CI:0.18–0.44), depression (OR = 0.54,95%CI:0.41–0.72) and insomnia (OR = 0.67,95%CI:0.58–0.77), while evening chronotype participants had a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.98,95%CI:1.06–3.71) but not anxiety or insomnia. Interactions between chronotype with age and SES on insomnia (Pinteraction